In this paper, we review recent progress and challenges in silicon photonics, probing all dimensions of light to scale the capacity of fiber-optic transmission systems toward terabit per second and more (Tb+/s) per optical interface and petabit per second and more (Pb+/s). In this paper, we review recent progress and challenges in silicon photonics, probing all dimensions of light to scale the capacity of fiber-optic transmission systems toward terabit per second and more (Tb+/s) per optical interface and petabit per second and more (Pb+/s). Tokyo —September 29, 2023 — NTT Corporation (NTT) have succeeded to expand transmission capacity and save energy in the C band (near the wavelength of 1550 nm), which is a major communication wavelength band. With multi-core amplification system using a core structure consisting of 12 cores. Achieved using a newly developed standard 19-core optical fiber, equivalent to 19 standard fibers, low loss across multiple wavelength bands, and the development of an optical amplification relay function compatible with this fiber. Firstly, we overview fundamentals. In this research, researchers succeeded in combining the latest research technologies such as large-scale Space Division Multiplexing (SDM) and multi-band Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM), to demonstrate a path to future ultra-large capacity optical communication networks. The results of this. An international joint research group led by the Photonic Network Laboratory of the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT) has successfully conducted an experiment involving data transmission over 50 km at a rate of 378. 9 terabits per second (Tbps) using a frequency.