Access Layer Switches: Operating at the network's edge, access switches connect end-user devices like PCs, printers, IP phones, and wireless access points. They are characterized by high port density, cost-effectiveness, security features at the edge, and often PoE support. The access layer is where endpoints (such as phones, laptops, video-conferencing sets, printers, IoT sensors, IP cameras, and servers) are primarily connecting to the network. Wireless access points are also connected here and provide further access.